This final chapter will begin with an overview of the incentives that were most frequently cited as being used and needed in the case studies, followed by discussions on the role of leadership, the role of NGOs and issues related to equity in relation to the case study findings. Where the previous chapter focused on the role of individual incentives, this chapter will then focus on how diverse incentives interacted to promote resilience in the social-ecological systems in the case studies, and on the vital role of the state and of legal incentives in reinforcing the incentive frameworks against the perturbing effects of forces that can drive the systems towards ineffectiveness and unsustainability. The overall conclusions of this study will then be discussed, focusing on its implications for governance theories, for research and for practice in relation to MPAs and wider natural resource issues, followed by a closing synopsis of the findings of this study.