ABSTRACT
If the antagonism between reform and revolution is a familiar theme in the history of socialism, the same is not true of the arguments about the structural form of socialism. These arguments have tended in the past to be reduced to accounts of the distracting difficulties caused to mainstream socialism at various periods by the activities of anarchists and syndicalists. Yet, at the end of the twentieth century, questions concerning the structural principles and shape of socialism are once again at the centre of socialist discussion. This suggests the need to identify some of the arguments, issues, and traditions.
