ABSTRACT
Quantitative research typically uses a reductive approach where concepts of interest are abstracted to categorical or numerical variables, data are collected from a sample drawn from the relevant population, the data are analysed and the results generalized to the population. This approach relies on an understanding of the distribution of the variables used and the probability of the sample being representative of the population of interest. Hence this book has covered probability and data distributions prior to the current chapter. Readers are, therefore, advised that Chapters 5 and 6 on probability and probability distributions respectively should be seen as prerequisites to reading the current chapter. Furthermore, reading Chapter 6 on probability distributions should be preceded by reading about z-scores in Chapter 4 on standardized scores.
