ABSTRACT
As discussed in Chapter 1, it is expected that more than four-fifths of the increased production to 2050 will come from existing land areas through increased productivity. Many systems are, however, already constrained either because of existing high productivity levels, or because there are technical, socio-economic or institutional constraints. In addition, as the intensity of farming increases, the risks and related trade-offs discussed in the previous chapter become more pressing. This chapter reviews technical options for moving towards ‘sustainable land and water management’ - that is, more intensive integrated management of soil, water, nutrients and other inputs to produce increased crop value while maintaining or enhancing environmental quality and conserving natural resources, both on-site and off-site.
