ABSTRACT
In the two preceding chapters I analyzed the adjustment of foreign trade to systemic change, that is to both internal liberalization (the establishment of market economies) and external liberalization (the opening up of these economies to the external world). I focused in Chapter 2 on the adjustment at the aggregate, national economy level, and in Chapter 3 on the performance at the enterprise level. In the latter I looked at the external economic activities of domestic firms (stateowned, privatized, and de novo private firms) and foreign-owned firms.
