ABSTRACT
The end of the Zia regime coincided with the process of Soviet military withdrawal from Afghanistan but the end of Zia-ul-Haq was not the end of the Zia political system. The only difference between the Zia-Junejo and the post-Zia Benazir Bhutto system lay in the emergence of the PPP and the IJI (where the Muslim league was prominently represented). There was a sharp and continuing polarization between the PPP and the IJI. In the post-Zia system there was considerable competition/conflict among Pakistan’s political parties, ethnic and regional nationalities and in the upper echelons of the power structure in Islamabad.
