ABSTRACT
The reader will recollect from chapter 1 that in December 1990 the Community convened two IGCs-one on EMU and one on political union. In short the Single European Act of 1986 had proved to be not an ultimate destination but only a staging post on the road to greater unification in Europe. The two IGCs culminated in a summit meeting in Maastricht on 9 and 10 December 1991 when the heads of state and government finally reached agreement on a range of issues which formed the basis of a Treaty on European Union. That treaty gives rise to a revised Rome (EEC) Treaty. The new treaty is built on three main pillars. The first pillar consists of provisions relating to the existing EC treaties and primarily those relating to the Rome (EEC) Treaty-the latter is expanded and amended to include among other things articles on EMU. The second pillar is devoted to a common foreign and security policy together with provisions relating to defence. The third pillar covers cooperation among the member states on matters ranging from immigration and asylum policy to the combating of organized crime and drug trafficking. It includes Europol-the embryonic police-intelligence corps. In addition a long list of protocols and declarations are annexed to the treaty. It was anticipated that the treaty would be signed early in 1992 and would hopefully, following ratification by national parliaments, come into force at the beginning of 1993. No later than 1996 the heads of state and government would review the workings of the new treaty.
