ABSTRACT
Natural infestations vary considerably in intensity from year to year but can be as bad as intense artificial infestation (1991). Yield losses can exceed 25% in years of heavy infestation. In addition, plants with ECB stalk damage have a higher incidence of stalk rot caused by fungi such as Fusarium moniliforme and Gibberella zerni. Efficient control of ECB can lower damage from diseases that invade plants through ECB entry holes.
