ABSTRACT
Posture and movement play a central role in ergonomics. At work and in everyday life, postures and movements are often imposed by the task and the workplace. The body’s muscles, ligaments and joints are involved in adopting a posture, carrying out a movement and applying a force. The muscles provide the force necessary to adopt a posture or make a movement. The ligaments, on the other hand, have an auxiliary function, while the joints allow the relative movement of the various parts of the body. Poor posture and movement can lead to local mechanical stress on the muscles, ligaments and joints, resulting in complaints of the neck, back, shoulder, wrist and other parts of the musculoskeletal system. Some movements not only produce a local mechanical stress on the muscles and joints, but also require an expenditure of energy on the part of the muscles, heart and lungs. In the following sections we shall begin by providing some general background on posture and movement. Thereafter, possibilities for optimizing tasks and the workplace are presented for commonplace postures and movements such as sitting, standing, lifting, pulling and pushing.
