The development pattern of the kibbutz as a communal system may be regarded as an ontogenetic manifestation of the evolution of human society from a primitive to a modern stage. The development of the religious kibbutz highlights the crucial role of a value system in the evolutionary process. By way of summary, the present chapter will analyze the development of the religious kibbutz within the perspective of Talcott Parsons’s theory of social evolution.2 This theory helps to explore the evolution of the kibbutz in a functional perspective, as well as to evaluate the pivotal role of a religious culture in sustaining this social system. For that matter, the present chapter will also elaborate upon the disparate ability of the two divergent Jewish religious subcultures featured in this study to promote viable kibbutz life. At the end of the chapter I will touch upon the Religious Kibbutz Federation today, about sixty-five years after its founding.