ABSTRACT
The preceding chapters have examined the main areas of Indonesian women’s activism at the national level. Conceptualizations of women’s interests, Indonesian womanhood, and citizenship were grounded in understandings of nationalism and the continuing nationalist struggle. But the extent to which women in the regions were integrated into this national movement and its imaginings of Indonesian womanhood has rarely been questioned. The national Jakarta-based women’s organizations presumed to represent women in the Outer Islands but a comparison of women’s mobilization in the regions with the agenda and activism of the national movement shows regional differences were not acknowledged at the national level.
