ABSTRACT
So much for the receptive aspects of inter preting and translating. The productive aspects are also special instances of the general pro cess of human communication but with differences which serve to distinguish transla tion as bilingual rather than monolingual communication. Compare, for example, a monolingual spoken dialogue with interpret ing. In the first case , the 'answering' turn would (a) be in the same language , and nor mally the same style as the previous speaker used, and (b) contain different semantic and, therefore, syntactic and pragmatic content. The translator's behaviour is the opposite on both counts: the turn (a) is taken in a different language - that of the target audience rather than the original speaker/writer, the latter being the normal audience for monolingual exchanges , and (b) contains the same semantic content as the original, as stored - with poten tial modifications - in the mental representa tion of the clause in the working memory of the translator.
