ABSTRACT
The disposition of xenobiotics is often considered to occur in four interrelated phases, i.e. absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (collectively abbreviated to ADME). The major routes for the absorption of xenobiotics include skin, lungs (or gills), the parenteral routes-intravenous (i.v.), intraperitoneal (i.p.), subcutaneous (s.c.) and intramuscular (i.m.)—but the commonest route for administration in toxicology studies is per orally (p.o.), with subsequent absorption via the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
