ABSTRACT
Human relations writers and many behavioural scientists have been critical of much in the classical approach. They point out that it is people who are organized, yet the classical approach does not take into account people's likely behaviour under different organization arrangements. It concentrates on their physical capacities and some physical needs and completely ignores the emotional aspects of human nature. Members of an organization are viewed as passive instruments, content to act only in accordance with the rules laid down, whereas, in fact, they may pursue activities of their own which do not conform to official policy. Work groups, for example, develop their own social structure. Unless steps are taken to enlist their cooperation as an informal group, they may adopt values and practices that seriously limit the company's ability to attain its ends.
