Aid Reliance Five Middle Eastern states are aid-givers, rather than recipients. These are Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, The UAE, Qatar and Libya. Bahrain and Oman, despite being significant oil-producers, have not ceased to be recipients of concessional assistance. The five 'non-recipients' have in the past sometimes been major recipients of mainly Arab assistance ~ e.g. Egyptian aid to Kuwait and the small Gulf countries; Kuwaiti aid to the other Gulf emirates; Qatari and Abu Dhabi's aid to the poorer emirates. But this, at least in its concessional form, belongs to the past and will not be treated further in the present study. Today, these countries buy the technical asistance and teachers they need: either commercially, from foreign consultants, and by paying good salaries to Egyptians, Jordanians and others to come and teach; or from the multilateral technical assistance agencies such as UNDP. They put at least as much money into the latter organisations as they obtain from them.