ABSTRACT
In a psychological analysis of addictive behaviours, it remains important to explain the phenomena underpinning the concept of dependence. In general terms, dependence is often seen as the condition where there is heavy involvement in the addictive behaviour, whether this be drinking, drug-taking, gambling or some other activity. In most cases, this heavy involvement has developed gradually, beginning with occasional indulgence and, with the development of tolerance, rising to the point of excessive indulgence. With excessive indulgence, many problems may arise, yet satisfying the addiction remains a major goal in life despite the costs. These costs are often enormous in terms of loss of home, jobs, relationships, health and even life itself. Control over the addictive behaviour is very difficult, and attempts to stop or cut down are thwarted by unpleasant physical withdrawal symptoms and preoccupation with thoughts about the addictive behaviour. Relapse to the addictive behaviour is common. The person is said to be ‘addicted’ to or ‘dependent’ upon the substance or activity of his or her addiction.
