ABSTRACT
Many radical political movements, as well as stressing humanist goals of greater social justice and economic quality, have on occasions integrated Green themes such as ecological awareness, decentralization and animal liberation. Greens have had to look, too, beyond the symptoms of environmental destruction to deeper causes: economic systems that demand the exploitation of nature and of the work force, undemocratic centralized structures that rob individuals of control over their surroundings, and a militarism that damages humanity and nature. Constitutional Green parties orientated around the goal of achieving parliamentary representation have been a response to this deepening and widening of the Green outlook. Another has been that of direct action and grass-root struggles for a new social order.
