ABSTRACT
Education policies are formulated in a variety of locales: in central government, in national bodies associated with government, in local authorities or in educational institutions. However, they are always
OUTLINE It was suggested in Chapter 3 that policy sociology applies sociological analysis to the processes of policy formulation and implementation, and to the relationship between them; that chapter examined the formulation of policy. This chapter focuses on the implementation of policy, and the links between formulation and implementation. It begins by contrasting the managerial approach, which adopts a top-down approach to and understanding of policy implementation, and the phenomenological approach, which adopts a bottom-up approach to it. The case study illustrates and draws out important concepts and theoretical points.
