In 1981, the federal government awarded only 3.4 percent of its total procurement to minorities. In Richmond, Virginia, the focal point of the Croson Decision, minorities received only 0.67 percent of $24.6 million in procurement contracts between 1978 and 1983. In 1989 in St. Louis, Missouri, minorities received only 2.2 percent of all city contracting and procurement. Finally, in the City of Atlanta in 1973, minorities received only 0.13 percent of all contracting and procurement.