ABSTRACT
In Study 1, it was seen that the syntactic operators which occur in [SPEC, C’] at S-Structure may be either overt or null, without noticeable semantic contrast. Furthermore, specific languages may use, in specific constructions, either just overt operators, or just NOs, or both. As we shall see below, establishing whether a certain construction does or does not use NOs is not always a very simple matter. None the less, once a decision has been reached, it is reasonably clear how to state such states of affairs; for example, C°-s carrying specific combinations of values of the features [NAOP], [COIND] (and possibly others) may be marked on a language specific basis, as [+wh], [−wh], or be left unmarked (and thus allow both types of specification). Whether such markings can be derived in an interesting way from independent properties of language is, however, often unclear.
