ABSTRACT
Industrial and business concerns are complex social organizations designed to produce goods or provide services through the concerted efforts of their members. However, no two organizations are exactly alike. They differ in size, in the goods they produce, and in the technology they employ, and they differ in the social, psychological, and administrative assumptions upon which they are based. These assumptions may be more or less realistic, and the organizations built on them may be more or less successful in achieving the purposes for which they were set up.
