ABSTRACT
The fable had twentieth-century practitioners, too. George Orwell’s Animal Farm (1945), sometimes seen as an allegory, employed the beast fable as the vehicle for an extended SATIRE on the totalitarian state. In America, James Thurber contributed Fables for our Time (1940). See Niklas Holsberg, The Ancient Fable: An Introduction (2003); Jayne Elizabeth Lewis, The English Fable: Aesop and Literary Culture, 1651-1740 (1996).
