ABSTRACT
This theory is posited on a belief that an external stimulus produces an inner reaction in individuals that is manifested in an outward response. The implications for teaching reside in the fact that the teacher normally exercises control over the nature and purpose of the stimuli, while pupils respond to them. For instance, the teacher’s tone of voice and questioning elicit observable responses from the children, as witnessed by their facial expressions, comments, observations and so on. Behaviourist theory is reflected in teaching approaches where there is an emphasis on teacher instruction and close control over children’s learning. Learners are in a relatively passive role, leaving the teacher to determine the content, pace and evaluation of the lesson. The teacher transmits information to pupils in an orderly way on the basis of a predetermined curriculum, using rituals, rewards and sanctions as deemed necessary. There is an emphasis on repetition, rehearsal, revision and regular practice until mastery is achieved.
