ABSTRACT
The objective of hazard identification is to provide a list of failures and failure combinations which can lead to accidents. There are very many different techniques which can be used. They vary in:
the basis for search (piping diagrams, flow sheets, electrical wiring diagrams, the plant itself) the starting point the direction of search (forwards or backwards in time) the way combinations of failures are taken into account
Hazop AnaJysis
One of the simplest approaches to hazard identification is hazard and operability analysis or Hazop analysis (HG Lawley, Operability Studies and Hazards Analysis, Loss Prevention Vo1.6 1972, and CIA). This involves a vessel by vessel or pipe by pipe review of a plant. For each vessel, a series of disturbances is suggested, for each disturbance, potential consequences are described, and written out in a table. If the consequences are serious, potential causes are also tabulated. If the consequences are serious, possible cures are also tabulated.
