ABSTRACT
In every country, S&T measurement is generally limited to its research and development aspect. However, scientific and technological activities (STA) comprise more than just R&D. In fact, in 1978, UNESCO drafted an international recommendation defining STA as being composed of three broad types: R&D; scientific and technical training and education (STET); and scientific and technological services (STS). 1 A few years later, in a new chapter of the Frascati manual, the OECD appropriated the concept of scientific and technological activities (STA). 2 The purpose, however, was not to measure STA, but “to distinguish R&D, which is being measured, from STET and STS which are not” (p. 15). This chapter focuses on STS, often called related scientific activities (RSA), in order to understand why these are rarely measured.
