ABSTRACT
The concept of management as an economic process in essence and by function is a modern one, dating from the Industrial Revolution, which began in Europe with the invention of the first power loom in the mid-eighteenth century. During the tens of centuries preceding the birth and growth of the industrial system, the only form of management known to humanity was military leadership. It was only in this area that managerial skills were apparent, and where one commander could excel over another by dint of better management.
