ABSTRACT
Children develop to the best of their ability when they grow up in an environment which is safe, caring and nurturing and meets their individual needs, i.e., which is suitable for the child's ability, temperament and any specific health or learning needs (Shonkoff and Phillips 2000). The ongoing interactions between the child's intrinsic characteristics and the external environment create a spectrum from positive to negative outcomes and from resilience but probabilistic, i.e. positive or negative outcomes are not predicted, but their chances are relatively increased or decreased (Rutter 2011). to vulnerability (Figure 5). This relationship is not direct or linear,
