The Hausa are known throughout much of West Africa as traders and artisans. They have settled in Ghana, Nigeria, Niger, and Chad, but are usually associated with the Hausa city-states, such as Kano, in Nigeria. In the earth nineteenth century, the Fulani jihad (holy war) brought all the Hausa together under Islam and merged the two people in the cities. Today, the Hausa-Fulani form one of the largest ethnic groups in Nigeria and they continue to cherish their ancient arts, including music and the verbal arts.