ABSTRACT
Construction occupational fatalities, injuries and disease result in considerable human suffering and affect, not only the workers directly involved, but also their families and communities, and contribute to the national cost of medical care, and rehabilitation. However, occupational fatalities, injuries and disease also contribute to variability of resource, which increases project risk. Such risk can manifest itself in damage to the environment, reduced productivity, non-conformance to quality standards and time overruns, and ultimately in an increase in the cost of construction. Other possible manifestations include damage to client property and, or impaired production processes, and a poor client and contractor image as a result of accidents (Smallwood, 1996).
