ABSTRACT
In the 1960s the media began to show satellite photographs of the world. This more or less coincided with several large environmental accidents, Cold War fears of nuclear annihilation, recognition by some that frontiers were closing and unused land was limited, and the birth of an environmental movement which was voicing concern about overpopulation, pollution and other development ills. This chapter explores the meaning of 'development' and 'environmental management' and how they interrelate. Environmental management and development are both difficult to define. The former can be a goal or vision, an attempt to steer a process, the application of a set of tools, a more philosophical exercise seeking to identify and establish new outlooks, and much more. Most adopt an anthropocentric viewpoint, placing humans first, so that development means environment takes second place; however, there are environmentalists who are more ecocentric, that is regard environmental care to be at least as important as human needs.
