By 1933 religion in Germany was muddled. There were three major forces at play: the Catholic Church, the Protestant Church, and the diverse groups of German faithlers, völkisch, and free religious. With the Reich Concordat passed in Cabinet on 14 July and signed in Rome on 20 July, the Catholic Church ceased to be part of the religious confusion. Not so the Protestant Church. It was gravely divided into various factions from the Young Reformers, who wanted an independent church but one unconditionally loyal to the state, to the Deutsche Christen, who had no use for the Old and New Testaments and made Jesus a fellow Aryan.