ABSTRACT

Each selling and pricing decision of farmers directly affects merchants and end users in a deregulated supply chain. Decisions need to be made under the uncertainty of agricultural production and supply to pursue profitability. Tactics used in procurement by merchants and end users can often depend on the tactics implemented by farmers. Decisions such as how much, when, where, with whom, and how need to be decided upon either individually or within the organization. 1 However, controlling outcomes under uncertainty is difficult. 2