ABSTRACT
The mobilization for war took place against the background of the direct and indirect impact of the fighting on civilian life. The National Institutions managed the war effort, while local government, together with the civil society organizations, attended to vital services and ensured the proper functioning of the community. Civil and economic organizations also bore the brunt of caring for civilian casualties and sufferers, and providing social assistance for Jews who had been displaced or had become internal refugees due to the war. These activities took place as the war intensified, and as distinctions blurred between the front line and the home front, and between soldiers and civilians. As part of the organization of the home front and the mobilization of society for the war, the National Institutions and the local community’s leadership sought to promote and to express social and national solidarity.
