ABSTRACT
The development and expansion of urban infrastructure systems (large technical networks designed to distribute and deliver specialized services, materials, and assets to households, companies, and other organizations) have been driving industrialized society since the beginning of the nineteenth century. These infrastructure systems (hereafter referred to as infrasystems) have supported an enormous growth in consumption during that time. While creating an enviable standard of living in the countries (especially Western countries) where it has occurred, that growth in consumption has also created substantial environmental problems.
