ABSTRACT
This chapter will discuss how past literature has made sense of being human and how this is related to other ways in which being human has been challenged. Our present ambivalence about genetic modification in sport (and outside of it) can be informed by recognising how being human has been theorised against otherness, often explained in the context of new technologies. Moreover, the way of answering ethical questions about genetic modification must be understood in the context of the way in which humanness has been theorised in the past, particularly within medicine.
