ABSTRACT
Organisations are set up to achieve certain aims, such as the production of goods or services, the preservation of peace and social harmony, the prevention of abject poverty, etc. These aims have to be achieved by a succession of activities, so that after a time a routine is established, precedents are created, recurring difficulties are met by repeating established procedures previously found to be helpful, and so on. This succession of activities leads in the end to the establishment of an orderly structure for the organisation, with tasks allocated to officials in a fairly complex pattern, with suitable arrangements for supervision and coordination.
