The apparatus of the soul: how can mental and physical explanations coincide?

Neither a scientific nor a hermeneutic conception of the psychical can match the originality of Freud’s metapsychological thinking. In Grünbaum’s external perspective, its experiential qualities are lost. His inductivist criterion of science conceals a physical model of reality which is unable to encompass the subjectivity of psychoanalytic subject matter. Without the mental-physical link embodied in Freud’s metapsychology, he cannot advance psychoanalysis as even a failing empirical science; and without the first-person evidence he rejects, psychoanalytic propositions can neither be refuted nor confirmed with confidence.