Chapter 4 explains the influences of several inter-related factors on health impacts of disasters. A diagram on ‘Key relationships among factors, causations and health impacts of disasters’ is included in this chapter to explain the relationship among several factors. The chapter also argues that cultural attitudes, norms and traditions create and maintain differences in gender identity, roles and responsibilities and strongly influence women’s vulnerability during disasters. Poverty also makes this situation worse. A diagram in this chapter, ‘Relationship between gender and vulnerability factors of disaster health impacts’, shows the relationships of several vulnerability factors, demographic, environmental (physical and manmade), socio-cultural, health and behavioural factors, with gender identity and the health impacts of disasters.