ABSTRACT
After 1989, in the context of the post-communist legacy and the privatisation of state assets on an unprecedented scale, newly forming party organisations were transformed more or less into predatory and parasitic structures within a process of a two-way party capture. As a response to the crisis of the established parties and politics, attention is focused on controversial demands for the introduction of direct democracy, together with proposals to deconstruct representative democracy. In Central and partly in Eastern Europe, it is more or less possible to record three critical political junctures which produced the principal waves of political mobilisation leading to a reconfiguration of the party system and a change of the regime dynamic. The first and largest rupture occurred in 1989. The resulting mass dissatisfaction and distrust on the part of citizens culminated in a second political juncture in the form of electoral revolts. The third political juncture is connected with the development that has taken place since 2015.
