ABSTRACT
Greek letters (from a to e) indicate the articulating organs: a lips; ~ the point or tip of the tongue; T the surface (If the tongue; b the velum palati or movable
part of the soft palate; £ the vocal chords. (Z: is used in the symbolization of variom degrees of stress.)
lAtin letters (from a to 1) indicate places of articulation (the points of greatest approximation), see the diagram; these letters are generally placed as indices or exponents above and beside the numerals; if two letters are used, they indicate an intermediate position (ef is nearer to e than to f, fe nearer to f than to e, etc.)
Numerals indicate the size and form of the aperture: o closure ('shut' position, stop); 1 and 2 as in open consonants, 1 0. narrow friction channel, a chink or a fissure, 2 a more fiat and broad aperture; b2 the ordinary degree .)f aperture for nasal sounds; f.l voice, E 2 the 'glottal fricative' [h]; 3 etc. greater apertures: a 3, a 5, a 7 rounded lip apertu~e8 as in [u, 0, ali 04, as, a8 unrounded lip apertures as in [i, e, 12]; T3, T5, T7 thin (narrow) and T4, T6, T8 broad (wide) vowel apertures in the three different heights of Bell's scheme; £3 breath.
