ABSTRACT
There is therefore a natural tendency to bring about conformity between gender and sex.1 This may be achieved in the first place by a change in form, as when Lat. lupa was formed instead of the earlier lupus which had been used, for instance of Romulus's shewolf (Havet), or when much later Sp. leona, Fr. lionne and It. signora, Sp. senora were formed from Lat. leo, senior, which did not distinguish sex. In Greek the old neania 'youth' adopted the masculine ending -s to become neanias ' young man.' Or else the form is retained, but the syntactic construction is changed, as when Lat. nauta, auriga when applied to men (a ' sailor, charioteer ') become masculine (i.e. take adjectives in m.): originally they were abstracts and meant' sailoring, driving'; or when the Spanish say el justicia ' the judge,' el cura ' the curate,' el gallina' the coward,' elfigura' the ridiculous fellow' (lajusticia ' justice,' la cura ' curacy,' la gallina 'hen,' la figura 'figure '). Thus also Fr. le trompette , the trumpeter' (la trompette 'the trumpet '); cpo also la jument
SEX 231 • the mare.' In Sw. 8tatsrdd 'councillor of State,' orig. • council,' is still neuter, but an adjective predicative is generally put in the form common to mll8culine and feminine: statsrddet iir sjuk (not sjukt); in Danish the word in this sense has definitely given up its neuter gender: statsrdden er syg. Thus also Dan. viv, which formerly was n. (like G. das weib, OE. pret wif, Sw. vivet) is now of the common gender, and instead of the old gudet, troldet ' the god, the troll ' we say now guden, trolden.
