ABSTRACT
In the twenty-first century, military powers are concentrating on projecting military power through incorporation of technology geared toward leaner and efficient projections of force. The UN Charter permits State actions that are reasonably necessary in self-defence when faced with an 'armed attack'. Restrictionists adhere to argument that term 'inherent right' doesn't modify self-defence in any meaningful way, meaning the requirement of some incursion beyond national borders must occur before right is activated. The counter-restrictionist approach adopts an expansionist view. Proponents interpret word 'inherent' to mean that the UN Charter recognises and includes those rights of self-defence that existed under customary international law prior to the drafting of theCharter. Sophisticated electronic intrusion is now a threat to national security and emergency preparedness in broad spectra that include telecommunications and information systems. The laws regulating the initiation of armed conflict are often inadequate in conflicts where the injury is non-kinetic, meaning that attributing actions to a State poses a difficult challenge.
