ABSTRACT
For people affected by catastrophes and other environmental changes, displacement and resettlement often constitute a second catastrophe in their lives. The complexity of a catastrophe reverberates in the losses that people experience and in the process of recovery. Catastrophes inflict terrible losses on people and communities, often shredding families and uprooting communities to radically different or new environments. Displacement both compounds and makes permanent many of the losses incurred in a catastrophe. Those who can reconstruct in place even in much diminished circumstances, generally stand a better chance of a recovery than those that are displaced.
