ABSTRACT
The construction of questionnaires and other scaling instruments has always played a central role in psychological research. Almost every concept in psychology has produced some form of pen-and-paper measure, from the intelligence tests of Binet and Spearman through to modem attempts to measure ‘self-construal’. Over the years test constructors have been increasingly concerned with making testing an exact science, and various methodological tools have been developed which enable tests and scales to be validated in order to give them credibility (and, in many cases, enable them to be published at exorbitant prices!).
