INDEX

Addictive disorders, 373-374 alcohol, 382-383 amphetamine, 356 cannabis, 356-357 cocaine, 357 drug, 383-385 hallucinogen, 357 inhalant, 357 nicotine, 358 opioid, 358 phencyclidine (or phencyclidine-

like), 358 polysubstance, 359 sedative, hypnotic , or anxiolytic,

358-359 ADHD (See Attention-deficit/

hyperactivity disorder) Adjustment, 67 Adjustment disorders

academic inhibition in, 273 anxiety in, 272-273 children, 422 depressed mood in, 272-273 disturbance of conduct in , 272-

formulation of, 269-270 intervention strategies, 270-271 physical complaints in, 273 social withdrawal in, 273 work inhibition in, 273

Adler, Alfred Individual Psychology of, 3-5 narcissism and, 339-341

Adlerian theory currency of, 78 dissociation and, 257-259 goal-directed behavior in social

conrext and, 236-238 personality disorders in , 281-

282 posttraumatic stress disorder

(PTSD) and, 191 somatoform disorders and, 232-

234 substance-related disorders and,

360-364 vs. other psychological systems,

Adlerian therapy, 193-194 depression and, 143-148

Agoraphobia, 163 description of, 167 DSM-IY criteria for, 168 treatment of, 173-174

Alcohol abuse and dependence on, 356 addiction to, 382-383

Allopathic model, 205 Allopathic psychiatry, 193-196

Adlerian therapy and, 193-194 Alter ego, 254-256 Amnesia, 248-249 (See also

Dissociative amnesia; Dissoc iative fugue)

dissociative identity disorder and, 255

Amnestic disorders, 57 Amphetamine , abuse and

dependence of, 356 Anhedonia, 423 Anorexia nervosa

clinical course and complications of, 520

DSM-IY di agnostic criteria of, 514-515

medication and treatment of, 528-529

personal background and, 515517

Antisocial personality disorder, 373 clinical presentation of, 299-300 developmental and etiological

features of, 300-302 DSM-IY diagnostic criteria of,

298-299 treatment of, 30 I

Anxiety in adjustment disorders, 272 Adlerian view of, 179-180 vs. fear, 163

Anxiety disorders DSM-IV classification of, 163 generalized (GAD), 183, 186-

188 general medical condition as a

428 NOS, 163 overview of, 163-164 stress in, 195 treatment of, 190-196

Anxiolytic (See Sedative, Hypnotic , or Anxiolytic)

Assessment (See also Diagnosis ; Evaluation)

Global Assessment of Functioning (See GAF (Global Assessment of Functioning))

instruments for functional , 67

A ttention-deticit/H yperact i vi ty disorder

demographics of, 481-482 description and historical survey

of, 463-465 deve lopment and change in

symptoms of, 482-483 disruptive behavior disorders

concurrent with , 472-480 DSM-IY classification and

diagnostic criteria of, 465 - 467

early identification and outcome of, 483-485

emotional and psychological development and, 470-471

etiology, 480-481 medication , 487-488 physical and neurological

development and, 471

representative behaviors in, 465 - 469

social behaviors and, 487-488 social development and, 469-470

307-308 treatment of, 309, 3 II

Axis ll classification, 65, 171, 174, 199, 279, 280-281 , 419, 428429, 474

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and social, 487 - 488

dysfunctional, 5 treatment of dysfunctional, 523

Biologic tests, 129-132 Bipolar I disorder, 80, 84 Bipolar ll disorder, 80, 84 Bipolar mood disorders, 20 (See

Adler's statements on, 91 brain disturbances and, 85-86 classification of, 80 criteria for occurence of, 84 current theories vs. Adler's , 77 -

features in, 422 family proclivity to, 83-85 general medical condition as a

cause to, 58-60 personality factors and, 93-99 personality predisposition to, 86-

89 l'S. schizophrenia, 25

Bi11h order bipolar disorder and, 95, I 00 childhood-onset major depressive

disorder (COMDD) and, 441

competition and, 486 family dynamics and, 377

features of, 324-326 DSM-IY diagnostic criteria of,

321-323

major depressive disorder and , 429

treatment of, 325, 327 Brain imaging, 131-132 Brain interpreters (See Lifestyle) Bulimia nervosa

clinical course and complications of, 520-521

DSM-IV diagnostic criteria of, 515

517 personality factors and, 517-518 strategies for treatment of, 524-

525 thinking patterns in patients with,

525-527

Cannabis, abuse and dependence , 356-357

Catatonic disorder, 61 features of, 122-123

Childhood (See also Attentiondeficit/Hyperactivity disorder; Specific development disorders)

Adlerian diagnosis and assessment of, 60, 92, 345

depression during (See Childhood-onset Major depressive disorder (CO MOD))

forerunners of depression in, 132-134, 148

Kohut's "self-object" formed in, 339

neurotic patterns developed in, 173

onset of dissociative identity disorder in, 255

onset of obsessive-compulsive disorder during, 170

panic disorder and separation during, 168-169

predisposition to schizophrenia and, 37, 38

reaction to flashback of trauma during, 208, 209

somatoform disorders and recollections from early, 237-238

Childhood-onset major depressive disorder (COMDD) (See also Major depressive disorder (MOD))

demographic phenomenology and, 432-433

family dynamics and, 440-441 family therapy in, 442 helplessness and use of others in,

439 mood factor in, 4 I 9-422 overambition and, 439 physiological abnormalities and,

430-432 recovery from , 434-435 recurrence of, 435 self-pity in, 442 symptoms of, 423-427 therapeutic treatment strategy of,

441-442 Cocaine, abuse and dependence,

58 Cognitive style

ADHD and, 488-489 bipolar disorder and, 96 major depressive disorder

(MOD) and, 425-426 narcissistic personality disorder

(NPD) and, 342

Common sense private sense and, 380 schizophrenia and role of, 39, 40,

Obsessive compulsive disorder; Obsessive compulsive personality disorder)

Conduct disorder Attention-deficit/hyperactivity

disorder and, 472-473 major depressive disorder and,

428-429 Conduct disturbance, in adjustment

disorder, 272 Conflict, depression as expression

of, 137-138 Control, social phobia and sense of,

184 Conversion disorder, 225-226

DSM-IY diagnostic criteria of, 226

treatment of eating disorders and, 524

Courage, Adlerian definition of, 193 Creative self, vs. brain defect in

schizophrenia, 38 Cyclothymic disorder, 80

Death Adlerian theory of, 191 posttraumatic stress disorder

(PTSD) and, 194 somatoform disorders and, 238

Defense mechanisms, 135 (See also Repression)

Delirium, 55 - 56

Delusion major depressive disorder and ,

424 schizophrenia and, 27

Delusional disorders, 28-31 DSM-IV criteria and types of, 30 features of, 28-29, 31 treatment of, 47-48 types of, 30, 31

Dementia, 56-57 Dependent personality disorder

clinical presentation of, 284-285 developmental and etiological

features of, 285-287 DSM-IV diagnostic criteria of,

283-284 treatment of, 286

Depersonalization disorder, 252254

DSM-IY diagnostic criteria for, 254

Depressed mood, in adjustment disorders, 272

Depression, 91-93, 116-117 Adlerian pyschotherapy of, 145-

148 biologic testing and, 129-132 categories of patients with, 134-

135 childhood forerunners of, 132-

134 depreciation in, 140 desperation, exploitation, and

guilt feeling in, 139 DSM-IV symptoms of major,

118-120 effect of pharmacological

substances on, 127-129 genetic factor in , 126-127 physical illness and, 125-126 as a spectrum disorder, 6 statistics on, 117-118

subtypes of major, 120-121 suicide and, 141-142, 148-150 therapies for, 143-145

Depressive Disorder, Major (See Major depressive disorder)

Depressive episode, criteria for diagnosis of, 82-83

Desire to impress, bipolar disorder and, 98-99

Dexamethasone Suppression Test (DST) , depressive diagnosis and, 129-130

Diagnosis Adlerian treatment and, 379 Adlerian vs. DSM-IV, 9 alerting and presumptive clues

for, 59 anxiety disorder, 187 criteria used by Adlerians for,

59-60 depression , 116-117 distinction between episode and

disorder, 80 practitioner's lifestyle and, 195 uses of, 194

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), 3, 9 (See also Specific disorders)

five axes classification, 9 Disruptive behavior disorders,

470 Dissociation

Alfred Adler and, 257-259 brief history of the concept of,

246-248 definition and description of,

245-246 DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for,

248 treatment of noncombat-related

PTSD and , 212-213

Dissociative amnesia , 248-250 DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for,

249 Dissociative disorders , treatment of,

259-260 Dissociative disorders not otherwise

specified (NOS), 257 Dissociative fugue, 250-252

DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for, 251

Dissociative identity disorder, 254257

DSM-IV diagnostic criteria and therapy for, 256

Disturbance adjustment disorder and conduct,

brain, 85-86 postpartum and mood, 123

Drug addiction, 383-385 Dysfunction

schizophrenia and brain, 34-37 schizophrenia and social/

occupational, 25 sexual, 58-60

Dysthymic disorder, 123-125 DSM-IV criteria for, 124 major depressive disorder and,

427, 434-435 treatment of, 6

Eating disorders Adlerian formulation of, 518-

519 characteristics and techniques of

therapist treating, 521-523 cognitive and behavioral

interventions, 523-524 counseling, 524 description and classification,

513-514

family role in, 518 family therapy and, 528 initial evaluation, 522 medication and, 528

Education, treatment of organic psychosis and, 66

96-97 Exhibitionism, 401-402 Exploitation, depressives and, 138-

depressive disorder (MOD), 430, 436

proclivity to bipolar disorder in, 83 - 85

childhood, 514 Fetishism, 40 I Flashback

combat-related PTSD and, 203204

noncombat-related PTSD and, 206-209

340-341

87, 88 narcissism and, 338, 340, 341

Gambling, pathological, 386-387 Gender identity disorder, DSM-IV

description of, 405 Goals of misbehavior

ADHD and, 469 COMDD and, 422, 426, 428 ,

435, 441 Group therapy

depressives and feeling of, 139 feelings of, 181 PTSD and, 188 somatic theories and feeling of,

features of, 291-292 DSM-IV diagnostic criteria of,

289-290 treatment of, 291 - 293

Homosexuality, Adler's view of, 405-406

Hypnosis, 245-246

Hypnotic (See Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic)

Hypochondriasis, 221-223 DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for,

222-223 Hysteria, 245, 247

Individual Psychology biopsychosocial aspects of, 53 bipolar disorder and, 93-99 circular mode of, 78 definition of, 4 mind and body in , 19-20 narcissistic personality

formulation in, 344-345 sexual disorders and, 398-404 somatoform disorders and, 237

Inferiority (See also Organ inferiority)

Adler's theory of organ, 52-53 , 63, 89

brief overview of, 62 differences in, 20

Inhalant, abuse and dependence, 357

Inner child, PSTD treatment and concept of, 210-211

Integrative theory DSM-IV and, 9-11 vs. multifaceted dynamics, 6

Kohut, Heinz, 89 Self-Psychology of, 338-339

Lifestyle, 376 ADHD and, 486-487 Adlerian diagnosis through

assessment of, 60, 234, 236 Adler's definition of, 3 childhood-onset major depressive

disorder and, 436

private logic and understanding of, 64-65

psychosexual disorders and, 407 schizophrenia and, 33, 35-37, 42

Major depressive disorder (MOD) concurrent diagnoses and, 427-

429 DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for,

419-422 historical overview of childhood,

Mania, 88, I 0 I Adler and, 90-91 depression and, I 0 I

Manic episode, criteria for diagnosis of, 81-82

Masochism, 403 Medication

adjustment disorders treated with, 271

attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and, 487-488

delusional disorders and, 47 depression patients and effect of,

127-129, 130, 145 obsessive-compulsive disorder

and, 174 organic psychosis and, 66-67 panic and agoraphobic symptoms

and, 174 schizophrenia and use of, 45-46

Melancholia, 120, 125 Memory loss, noncombat-related

PTSD and, 207 Mind and body, Individual

Psychology approach to, 1920

Mood disorders, 80 (See also Bipolar mood disorders)

Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and, 473

Motivation, 375-376 Multiple personality disorder (See

Dissociative identity disorder)

Narcissism, definition of, 338 Narcissistic personality disorder

(NPD) clinical presentation of, 295 consideration for treatment of,

345-346 developmental and etiological

features of, 295-297 DSM-lll description of, 343, 344 DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for,

294, 343 treatment of, 296, 298 various descriptions of, 341-344

Necrophilia, 402-403 Neurocognitive disorder, 58 Neurotic behavior

description of, 406 sex and, 392, 395

Neurotic disposition, Adlerian view of, 4

Nicotine, dependence on, 358

Obesity, 385-386 (See also Eating disorders)

Obsession, 169-170 Obsessive-compulsive disorder, 163

Adler's description of, 173 description and statistics on,

170-171 DSM-IY diagnostic criteria of,

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

developmental and etiological features of, 313-315

DSM-IY diagnostic criteria of, 311 - 312

treatment of, 3 14 Opioid, abuse of and dependence

on, 358 Oppositional defiant disorder, 472 Organic mental disorder, DSM-IV

new classification of, 54-55 Organ inferiority

ADHD and, 485-486 Adler 's theory of, 52-53 , 63, 89 bipolar disorder and, 100 child's psychosexual disorder

and, 407 major depressive disorder and,

429-432 schizophrenia and, 34 specific development disorders

and , 476-477

Pain disorder, DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for, 229, 231 - 232

Panic disorders, 163 (See also Depersonalization disorder)

treatment of, 173-174 Panic disorder with agoraphobia,

DSM-IY criteria for, 169 Panic disorder without agoraphobia

course of, 166 developmental antecedents of,

167-169 DSM-IY diagnostic criteria for,

165 statistics on, 166 symptoms of, 164

Paranoid personality disorder clinical presentation of, 317-318 developmental and etiological

features of, 318-320

DSM-IV diagnostic criteria of, 316-317

treatment of, 319, 321 Paraphilas, 400-401

treatment of, 408 Parenting style, 436

childhood-onset major depressive disorder (COMDD) and, 432

childhood training and, 377 disability and , 63 eating disorders and, 516, 518-

519 lack of cooperation and, 438 life tasks and, 437-438 narcissistic personality disorder

and, 339 pampering, 437 personality disorder and, 285 ,

291 , 296, 30 I, 305, 309, 313, 319, 325, 330

psychosexual disorders and, 407-408

Pedophilia, 402-404 Perfectionism, 182

depression and, 136-137 Personality

Adlerian types of, 8 affective disorders and , 86-89 change in, 61 definition of, 279 understanding of, 67

Personality disorders Adlerian typology of, 281-

282 brief history of, 371 - 372 classification of, 282 DSM-IV classification of,

372 DSM-IV diagnostic criteria of,

281 features of, 279, 283

Phencyclidine (or phencyclidinelike), abuse and dependence on, 358

Phobia, 163 (See also Depersonalization disorder)

Pica, 514 Polysomnography, 131 Polysubstance, dependence, 359 Postconcussional disorder, 58 Postpartum, mood disturbance and,

123 Posttraumatic stress disorder

(PTSD), 163 Adlerian diagnosi s and treatment

of, 191 - 192 compared to GAD and SP, 186-

188 description of, 180, 183 flashback in combat-related,

203-204 flashback in noncombat-related ,

206-209 global approach to treatment of,

216 memory loss in noncombat-

related , 206 treatment techniques for, 209-

213 two types of combat related,

197-199 Vietnam war-related, 190-191,

194, 196 Private logic

psychosis and role of, 20 schizophrenia and role of, 45 somatofonn disorders and,

Psychological factors affecting physical condition, 226-229

DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for, 228

Psychological therapy, 143-145 Psychopathology (See also

Lifestyle) Adlerian components of, 5 development of Adlerian view

regarding, 5-7 unitary concept of, 377-378

Psychosis Adler's approach to, 19 Adler 's description of neurosis

l'S., 9J brief reactive, 43 elements in the process of

functional, 32 mood incongruent features of,

121 organic, 65 seasonal nature of, 121-122 vulnerability to, 34-38

Psychotherapy, 46, 17 4 Psychotic disorder (See also Mood

disorders; Schizophrenia) general medical condition as a

cause to, 58-60 process and symptoms, 45

Regression, 207-209 Rehabilitation, 66

family participation and, 67-68 Remission, substance-related

disorders and, 355 Repression, 207-209, 212 (See also

Defense mechanisms) Rumination disorder of infancy, 514

Sadism, 403-404 Schizoid personality disorder

clinical presentation of, 303-304 developmental and etiological

features, 305-306

Borderline personality disorder; Depersonalization disorder

cognitive theory and, 32, 33 definition of, 23-24 developmental sequence of the

manic features in , 43-44 phases and course of, 26-27 phenomenological description of

feelings in, 36 physical condition's influence on,

42 social isolation and, 36-37, 39,

40, 41,44 subtypes of, 27-29 symptoms of, 27

Schizotypal personality disorder clinical presentation of, 328-330 developmental and etiological

features, 330-332 DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for,

328-329 treatment of, 331

Sedative, Hypnotic, or Anxiolytic, abuse and dependence, 358359

558 Index

Self-esteem (SE), 179, 185, 186, 187

mental illness and deficiencies of, 194

Sense of humor (SH), 179, 186, 187

Sexual and gender identity disorders, DSM-IV classification, 397

Sexual behavior, prosocial and antisocial, 396

Sexual disorders , 395 (See also Paraphilas)

Adler's etiology of, 406-408 treatment of, 408

400 general medical condition as a

cause to, 58-60 types of, 397-398

Sexual practices , 393-394 Sleep disorder

borderline personality disorder and, 322

childhood, 423 general medical condition as a

cause to, 58-60 PSTD, 198

Social interest (Sl), I 79, I 85, I 86, 187, 198

Adlerian view of, 4 cooperation and, 378-379 mental illness and deficiencies

of, 194 Vietnam veterans and, I 97

Social phobia (SP), compared to PTSD and GAD, 183-186

Somatic therapy, I 43-I 45 Somatization disorder, 223-225

DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for, 224-225

Somatoform di sorders Adlerian theory and, 232-235 misdiagnosis of, 238-239 question technique and treatment

of, 239 treatment of, 238-240

Specific developmental disorders detection of, 474-475 discouragement and, 478-479 DSM-IV criteria and diagnosis

for, 473-474 etiology of, 476-477 interpersonal disturbances and,

477-478 long-term outcome and, 479-480 prevalence of, 475

Specific development disorders, 473-480

Substance abuse diagnosis of, 355-359 unknown, 359

Substance-related disorders (See also Adlerian theory)

criteria for dependence in , 354 diagnosis of, 359 DSM-IV classification of, 354-

359 encouragement in treatment of,

365 Suicide, 141 - 142 (See also Major

depressive disorder (MOD)) child attempt at, 423 prevention of, 148-I 50

Superiority (See also Narcissistic personality disorder; Paranoid personality disorder)

depressives and attitude of, I 36, 139

Support, treatment of organic psychosis and, 66

Symptoms (See also Specific disorders)

adjustment disorders, 269 anthropological variable and , 235 attention-deficit/hyperactivity

disorder, 282-483 depression, 118-120 depression and maintenance of,

141 MOD somatic, 426-427 panic disorder without

agoraphobia, 164 PSTD, 198 psychosis, 44-45 schizophrenia, 27 , 44-45

Teleology, 363-364 definition and description of,

374-375

Thyrotropin releasing hormone test, 130

Treatment (See also Specific disorders)

diagnosis and, 11-12 strategies for organic pyschosis,

V codes conditions listed in the DSM-IV

as, 274-275 definition of, 274 therapies for, 275-276

Voyeurism, 401-402 Vulnerability, as an element in

functional psychosis, 32

Zoophilia, 402-403