ABSTRACT
In the first years of the twentieth century Japan had been China's preference for study abroad not only because of its proximity but also because of its strong influence, a combination of Japan's successes on the battlefield and of shared Confucian values. Japan's influence reached its peak around 1911, as the Boxer Indemnity scholarships initiated America's second wave of Chinese enrollments. After that, and until Sino-American diplomatic relations were severed in 1949, the United States held more influence over China. By the beginning of World War II the U.S. had become China's chief partner in educational exchange and both countries had come under the influence of the American educator John Dewey.
