ABSTRACT

Selfishness in general can be said to have evolved phylogenetically from the lowest creatures to us. Selfishness has hardly been wiped out; in fact, the majority of anyone's daily acts are probably selfish. The point at which selfishness turns into wickedness, by human standards, is when it begins to hurt others. … In sum, selfishness, greed, and ambition are expressions of ‘normal’ inclinations to selfishness; they are not, strictly speaking deviations from being human. They are … ‘all too human.’