From the Origins of Projective Geometry to the Development of the Erlanger Programme

We have met with processes relating to perspective in ancient times, and properties invariant for the operations of projection and section (Anaxagoras, Democritus, Vitruvius, and Pappus). But it was the artists of the Renaissance who felt especially the need to represent the figures of three-dimensional space in perspective on a surface. Rules of perspective were applied by Ambrogio Lorenzetti of Siena (1344), and by Masaccio (14011428); geometrical ideas on the subject were developed by Brunelleschi (1377-1446), and by Paolo Uccello (1397-1475).