ABSTRACT
Scientists and engineers meet each other on projects apparently completely unprepared to deal with a new perspective or language. In advanced technologies the project manager must coordinate scientists and their work. Most such projects use outside technical experts as consultants and experimenters. In space projects intermediaries must be men whose credentials are acceptable to the principal investigators and to the engineers alike. Project and program managers seek to minimize such changes by having the parts "keep time," or move at relatively similar rates. University scientists and project managers alike stress the necessity for investigators to work on, or closely oversee, the construction of their instruments. In designing instruments to be deployed on the lunar surface, for example, scientists and managing engineers ran into difficult problems in working out thermal and power requirements. There are obviously substantial differences in the relative importance of scientific experiments and the scientist on various spacecraft.
