ABSTRACT
Third,theeffectofthenewrelationshipwithauthoritywas togeneralizetheideaoffreedom.Thestandardofthechartered freedomfell,andwithittheparticularizedcharacteroffreedom, bothinthesenseofthevariableattributionofittodiscrete groupsandinthesenseofthevariablekindsoffreedomgranted ineachcharter.Freedomnowbecamegene1·alinthesensethat itoriginallyredoundedtoallmenalikeandinthesensethat i t wasapplicable-albeitnotapplied-toallspheres.Therestrictionsuponfreedomwerecertainlyfar-reachinginthisauthoritarianage,buttheywerenolongerdeemedspecialrestrictions inherentineachliberty.Ratherweretheythegeneralrestrictionsimposedfromtheoutsidebyanauthorityenforcingthe generalrulesofapoliticalorder.Tobesure,theserestrictions variedinintensitywiththeareaoffreedom-absorbingfrequentlythewholeofpoliticalfreedomandproportionately lesseramountsofcivilandpersonalliberties-butthiswasonly thespecificapplicationofgenerallawswhichhadageneral freedomastheircounterpart.
